Iran Local Histories
keihan moshirpanahi; mohammad sheikhahmadi; uthman Yousefi; mohammad ghorban kiani
Abstract
On the eve of the first world war, the western borders and the Kurdish regions of Iran during the Qajar era were through a critical period due to the displacement of local rulers. Also deep-rooted historical differences with the Ottomans, the presence of various tribes and political differences made ...
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On the eve of the first world war, the western borders and the Kurdish regions of Iran during the Qajar era were through a critical period due to the displacement of local rulers. Also deep-rooted historical differences with the Ottomans, the presence of various tribes and political differences made the region faced with new events. While the Ottomans had officially entered the war, the buffering of Kurdistan between Iran and the Ottomans could not keep Kurdistan away from its consequences. The study tries to explain the causes of the expansion and continuation of the war in Kurdistan, using the descriptive-analytical method and relying on the historical sources of documents, local and national newspapers. The investigations showed that the political and religious differences in Kurdistan and the confrontation of nomads with each other, along with the strategic importance of this region for foreign forces were the essancial factors behind the spread of the war to Kurdistan. Also, political instability in Kurdistan, intensification of tribal conflicts, presence of disaffected Sheikhs, competition of hostile governments and finally false promises of independence led to the continuation of the war in the region.
Siamand Khalili; Osman Yousefi
Abstract
Mokrian area has played an important role in the history of the West of Iran, with its ancient and historic works, from prehistoric times. Mokri Emirate was established in the Aq Qoyunglu period by Saifuddin Mokri in the northwest of Iran. With the advent of the Safavid government, the policy of divergence ...
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Mokrian area has played an important role in the history of the West of Iran, with its ancient and historic works, from prehistoric times. Mokri Emirate was established in the Aq Qoyunglu period by Saifuddin Mokri in the northwest of Iran. With the advent of the Safavid government, the policy of divergence of the Emirate Mokri in its interaction with that state began from the time of Sarem Big as the second ruler of this emirate, which was the contemporary of Shah Isma'il I Safavi. This article seeks to investigate the reasons and political relationships between the Emirate Mokri and the Safavid government during the time of Shah Isma'il I, which has so far not done an independent study on the character of Sarem Beg Mokri and his relations with the Safavid regime. The findings of the research show that during the attacks of Shah Isma'il I, Mokrian was primarily due to the development of the political realm of Shah Isma'il in the Azerbaijani region and, secondly, to the effect of his religious policy, which also somehow justifies the same policy integrating and eliminating local governments in Iran, the political relations of Emirate Mokri with the Safavid government were formed. Sarem Beg, to protect his political and governing realms, grew up against the Safavid Shah, and ultimately turned towards the Ottoman state.
Siamand Khalili; Osman Yusefi
Volume 5, Issue 9 , March 2017, , Pages 175-204
Abstract
Mokri emirate formation before the establishment of the Safavid state, in the northwest of Iran, is considered a turning point in the history of Mokrian area. Local rulers of the emirates, each in their own time, have made their most efforts for the development of this area. In the meantime, Bodaq Sultan ...
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Mokri emirate formation before the establishment of the Safavid state, in the northwest of Iran, is considered a turning point in the history of Mokrian area. Local rulers of the emirates, each in their own time, have made their most efforts for the development of this area. In the meantime, Bodaq Sultan known as the ‘Great King’ who has realized the events occurred from the middle of Shah Abbas I, the Safavid king, to the early of Shah Sultan Hussein reign, believes that Shah Suleiman Safavi’s time has an admirable status for the Mokri emirate. The present study investigates the changes took place in the Mokri emirate during Bodaq Sultan’s reign within the framework of a descriptive-analytic research and on the basis of library resources and documentation. The present paper attempts to answer the two following questions: What was Bodaq Sultan’s role in the historical developments of Mokri area? and what was the Bodaq Sultan’s interactions with the Safavid contemporary kings? The findings of the study suggest that Bodaq Sultan, on the one hand, with his wisdom and foresight, and on the other hand, because of the security and peace that existed in Iran during the Safavid Shah Suleiman reign, could take key measures in various areas. In this line, his measures have been of significance in three areas: To make development in architecture and city subdivisions of mixed used; pay attention to people’s economic welfare based on the expansion of agricultural products, to establish library, Dar al-‘Elm, and paying special attention to the religious discussions. Bodaq Sultan, in the course of making relation with his contemporary Safavid king, particularly Shah Suleiman, selected the policy of making himself close to the superior power in a way that could register his name in the Mokrian history from the perspectives of fundamental changes in architectural and building construction techniques and stabilization of the culture of endowment in this area.
